FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATIONS IN COTTON – 2022-23

The number of demonstrations allocated during the year 2022-23 for conduct of NFSM-FLDs by ICAR-AICRP on cotton and its networking centres and the centre-wise budgetary outlay are given below. A total of 560 FLDs on Integrated Crop Management (ICM), 210 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 200 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were allotted to ICAR-AICRP on Cotton with a budget outlay of INR 80.00 lakh for the year 2022-23.

Physical and Financial Targets of Cotton Front Line Demonstrations during 2022 – 23

S. No	Centres	FLDs on ICM		FLDs on Desi / ELS Cotton / Seed Production		FLDs on Intercropping in Cotton		Total in Lakh (Rs.)
		No	Budget (Rs. Lakh)	No	Budget (Rs. Lakh)	No	Budget (Rs. Lakh)
1	PAU, Faridkot	35	2.80	10	0.90	–	–	3.70
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	2.40	–	–	–	–	2.40
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	2.40	10	0.90	–	–	3.30
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	20	1.60	–	–	–	–	1.60
–	NAU, Surat	40	3.20	10	0.90	–	–	4.10
6	JAU, Junagadh	25	2.00	–	–	20	1.60	3.60
7	PDKV, Akola	40	3.20	20	1.80	–	–	5.00
8	MAU, Nanded	40	3.20	20	1.80	20	1.60	6.60
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	2.40	10	0.90	10	0.80	4.10
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	1.60	10	0.90	20	1.60	4.10
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	1.60	–	–	20	1.60	3.20
12	OUAT, Bhawanipatna	30	2.40	–	–	20	1.60	4.00
13	ANGRAU, Guntur	40	3.20	–	–	20	1.60	4.80
14	RARS, Nandhyal	25	2.00	–	–	–	–	2.00
15	PJTSAU, Adilabhad	25	2.00	–	–	25	2.00	4.00
16	UAS, Dharwad	30	2.40	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.80
17	UAS, Raichur	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
18	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
19	TNAU, Coimbatore	20	1.60	20	1.80	25	2.00	5.40
20	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	20	1.80	–	–	1.80
	PC Cell	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.30
	Total	560	44.80	210	18.0	200	16.00	80.00

(One Number of Demonstration was conducted in One hectare) 

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Implementation of FLDs

 

Out of the allotted FLDs, a total of 538 Front Line Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management on cotton, 163 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 165 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were conducted by twenty centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Cotton. Out of the allotted budget INR 80.00 lakh, an amount of INR 20.00 lakh was released during the year 2022-23 in one installment and the unspent balance INR 5.10 lakh was revalidated.

Achieved Physical Targets of Cotton Front Line Demonstrations during 2022 – 23

 

S. No	Centres	FLDs on ICM		FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton / Seed production		FLDs on Intercropping in cotton
		A	C	A	C	A	C
1	PAU, Faridkot	35	35	10	10	–	–
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	30	–	–	–	–
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	30	10	10	–	–
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	20	20	–	–	–	–
5	NAU, Surat	40	20	10	10	–	–
6	JAU, Junagadh	25	25	–	–	20	10
7	PDKV, Akola	40	60	20	–	–	–
8	MAU, Nanded	40	44.6	20	11.6	20	20
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	30	10	10	10	10
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	23	10	11	20	20
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	20	–	–	20	20
12	OUAT, Bhawanipatna	30	30	–	–	20	20
13	ANGRAU, Guntur	40	40	–	–	20	20
14	RARS, Nandhyal	25	25	–	–	–	–
15	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	25	25	–	–	25	20
16	UAS, Dharwad	30	–	20	–	20	–
17	UAS, Raichur	30	30	30	30	–	–
18	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	30	30	30	–	–
19	TNAU, Coimbatore	20	20	20	20	25	25
20	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	20	20	–	–
	PC-Cell
	TOTAL	560	537.6	210	162.6	200	165

(A – No. of FLDs allotted in hectare; C – No. of FLDs conducted actually in hectares)

FLDs on Integrated Crop Management on Cotton

 

Under FLDs on ICM on cotton, a total of 538 demonstrations were conducted during the year 2022-23. Each demonstration was conducted in one hectare plot. High yielding varieties and hybrids suited for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, water management etc., were the production technologies demonstrated through this component. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio¬pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps / light traps etc.,

FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton / Seed production of Desi / ELS cotton

 

In order to popularize the cultivation of Desi / ELS cotton and produce the seeds of Desi / ELS cotton, this component was implemented in 163 hectares. An amount of Rs.9000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.8000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, pheromone traps/light traps etc.,

FLDs on intercropping with cotton

 

To increase the production of food crops along with cash crops, this component was introduced. In this component along with cotton crop, various intercrops like cowpea, black gram, green gram, groundnut, soybean, onion etc., were demonstrated. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps/light traps etc., During the year 2022-23, a total of 165 hectares demonstrations were conducted under this component.

FLD Farmers’ Profile

 

During the year 2022-23, Front Line Demonstrations were conducted in eleven states of three cotton growing zones by 20 centers of ICAR – AICRP on cotton. These demonstrations were conducted on ICM in cotton, Desi / ELS cotton and seed production of ELS cotton and intercropping in cotton. In accordance with the decision of Government of India (GOI) regarding implementation of Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Caste and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes and Gender Budgeting, the beneficiaries were selected for the year’s front line demonstration programme. The details of farmers benefited out of the SCP, TSP and gender budgeting are given below.

Altogether, 1639 farmers participated in demonstrations conducted in an area of 865 hectares. In the demonstrations on ICM on cotton 957 farmers were directly benefited as demonstrators in an area of 538 hectares, whereas in demonstrations on Desi/ELS cotton 472 farmers were benefited as demonstrators in an area of 163 hectares and 210 farmers were benefited by demonstrations on intercropping in cotton in an area of 165 hectares. A total of 327 SC/ST farmers, 551 OBC farmers and 111 farmwomen were benefited out of this program during the year 2022-23.

Details of farmers benefited out of SCP, TSP and Gender budgeting of Cotton FLDs during 2022

 

Name of the centre	FLDs on ICM
	SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
PAU, Faridkot	7	26	38	2	73
CCSHAU, Hisar	28	24	23	–	75
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	4	56	15	–	75
ICAR-CICR, Sirsa	2	–	48	–	50
NAU, Surat	25	7	17	1	50
JAU, Junagadh	–	6	43	–	49
PDKV, Akola	5	12	–	3	20
MAU, Nanded	29	29	35	17	111
MPKV, Rahuri	5	3	67	–	75
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	18	32	4	2	56
RVSKVV, Khandwa	3	3	16	–	20
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	22	8	–	–	30
ANGRAU, Guntur	7	–	48	5	60
RARS, Nandhyal	3	9	3	10	25
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	37	17	1	8	63
UAS, Raichur	13	9	4	4	30
UAS, Chamrajnagar	–	–	75	–	75
TNAU, Coimbatore	–	15	–	5	20
Total	208	256	437	57	957

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Name of the centre	FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton
	SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
PAU, Faridkot	–	13	11	–	24
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	25	50	–	–	75
ICAR-CICR, Sirsa	–	–	–	–	–
NAU, Surat	2	6	17	–	25
JAU, Junagadh	–	–	–	–	–
PDKV, Akola	15	20	–	5	40
MAU, Nanded	2	13	13	4	32
MPKV, Rahuri	8	3	14	–	25
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur		25	01	01	27
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	35	20	–	7	62
UAS, Dharwad	–	–	–	–	–
UAS, Raichur	4	6	14	6	15
UAS, Chamrajnagar	–	–	75	–	75
TNAU, Coimbatore	3	6	8	5	22
ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore	–	36	–	14	50
Total	94	198	153	42	472

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Name of the centre	FLDs on Intercropping
	SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
JAU, Junagadh	1	8	11	–	20
MAU, Nanded	5	26	17	2	50
MPKV, Rahuri	1	1	23	–	25
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	3	43	0	4	50
RVSKVV, Khandwa	14	–	–	6	20
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	1	19	–	–	20
TNAU, Coimbatore	–	–	–	–	25
Total	25	97	51	12	210

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Technologies Demonstrated under FLD

 

During the reported year, 538 Front Line Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management on cotton, 163 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 165 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were conducted. The various technologies demonstrated were high yielding varieties and hybrids suitable for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management, Integrated Pest Management, use of Bio-fertilizers, Bio-pesticides, water management practices, improved agronomic practices and intercropping.

Details on the Technologies Demonstrated during 2022 – 23

 

PAU, Faridkot

 

• ICM (35 ha): PAU Bt3, RCH 773, RCH 776, RCH 926, Taurus Gold BG II, RCH 653 BGII, optimum time of sowing, ideal plant population, weed management & balanced nutrition.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (10 ha): Popularization of desi cotton LD 327, LD 694, LD 949 and FDK 124.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Fazilka, Bathinda, Faridkot, Mukatsar, Mansa.

CCSHAU, Hisar

 

• ICM (30 ha): Yield maximization of Bt cotton hybrids with INM, IPM, soil & water management and improved agronomic practices.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Fatehabad, Bhiwani and Jhajjar.

SKRAU, Sriganganagar

 

• ICM (30 ha): Integrated Crop Management technologies for RCH 773 BG II, RCH 926 BG II, RCH 776 BG II, Ajit-177, Sim-Sim BG II and RCH 925 BG II.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30 ha): Crop management practices for G. arboreum varieties RG 8 KR 64 and KR 121 especially management of pests and diseases.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar.

ICAR-CICR, Sirsa

 

• ICM (20 ha): Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on cotton BG-II Hybrids, CICR Bt-6 variety, need based recommended POPs viz., Improved and recommended cultivars, optimum time of sowing, ideal plant population, weed management, balanced nutrition and insect-pest management.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Hisar and Sirsa (2 Districts)
• Number of villages: 12

NAU, Surat

 

• ICM (20 ha): ICM in approved Bt cotton hybrids (G. Cot. Hy. 10 (BG II) and G. Cot. Hy. 8 (BG II)) comprising promotion of nutrient management through bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB, KMB) & foliar supplement through organic novel banana pseudo stem sap, PBW monitoring through pheromone trap and insect management through safer sucking pest viz; Azadirachtin (1500 ppm), Dinotefuran 20 SG, Profenophos 50 EC (For Sucking and Bollworms) and Lemda-Cyhalothrin 5 EC.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (10 ha): Seed production of desi cotton varieties viz; GN. Cot. 25 (G. herbaceum variety), GN. Cot. 27 (G. herbaceum variety) and GN. Cot. 29 (G. arboreum variety) allotted in rainfed saline pockets of Jambusar Taluka of Bharuch district with nutrient management through bio fertilizers (Azotobacter, KMB and PSB), novel organic liquid fertilizer (Banana pseudo stem sap), PBW monitoring through pheromone trap and bollworm management through safer insecticides viz., Cypermethrin 25 EC, Azadirachtin (1500 ppm), Profenophos 50 EC, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC and Lemda-Cyhalothrin 5 EC
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered:         Haldari, Umarpada, Bilavan, Chokhwada, Sevalan, Chimipatal, Dora, Keslu, Anor, Kapuriya, Islampur villages of Surat and Bharuch Districts.

JAU, Junagadh

 

• ICM (25 ha): IPM technology with application of bio agent, pheromone traps and need based pesticides, INM technology with water soluble chemical fertilizer (KNO3) and micronutrients, Canopy management and detoping in Bt Hybrid G. Cot.Hy-24 BG-II (Sorath Swet Kanak).
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Groundnut and soyabean as intercrops in cotton (1:1).
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Junagadh and Rajkot Districts

 

PDKV, Akola

 

• ICM (60 ha): PDKV-JKAL-116 Bt BG-II Hybrid + Foliar Spray of nutrients & Moisture Conservation Practices.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Bhandari, Umra, Amona, Deulgaon, Kundpal.

 

MAU, Nanded

 

• ICM (44.4 ha): NHH 44 (BG II) Optimum spacing (rainfed: 120 x 45 cm – population 18518 plants / ha), Integrated Pest Management (for pink bollworm in particular) and RDF (120:60:60 NPK kg / ha).
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (12.8 ha): Newly released variety developed desi cotton varieties viz. PA 255, PA 08, PA 528 and PA 812.
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Cotton + Green gram (1:1 and 1:2) with Bt cotton hybrid – NHH 44 (BG II).
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Aurangabad, Beed, Parbhani, Nanded, Jalna.

 

MPKV, Rahuri

 

• ICM (30 ha): Optimum plant population (12345 plant ha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer (125:65:65 NPK kg ha-1), Foliar spray of MPKV’s liquid Phule Micro Grade II (Micronutrient), spraying of Nano urea for cotton, Cotton Topping (70 DAS), criss cross Intercultural operations in cotton, use of NSKE for Spraying 1 % urea and 2% DAP spray at the time of flowering 0.2 % MgSo4 spray at the time of boll development, use of Pheromone and sticky traps (Blue and Yellow), recommended seed rate (2.5 Kg/ha) and irrigation management through drip irrigation.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (10 ha): ELS Cotton variety: Phule Chetna, Phule Mahi and Phule Dahrra.
• Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha): Optimum plant population of cotton (12345 plant ha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer (125:65:65 NPK kg ha- 1), foliar spray of MPKVs liquid Phule Micro Grade II (Micronutrient) and intercrops – Greengram, Lady finger, Maize, Cucumber and Soybean.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Ahmednagar and Sangli.

 

ICAR- CICR, : Nagpur

 

• ICM (23 ha): Seed treatment of microbial inoculants in cotton grown at problem soils (Calcareous, Sodic soils), Nutrient Expert Vs Farmer fertilizer practice and INM, Detopping and Mepiquat chloride foliar spray with Bt cotton, Sucking pest, bollworm and boll rot IPM strategies.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (11 ha): Post harvest cotton residue management, Comparison of ridges and furrows, broad bed planting with conventional practice under water logged and low rainfall sites, High density planting system in medium deep solis with American and Desi cotton.
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Grain legume (Blackgram, Clusterbean, Cowpea, Greengram, Soybean) and Pigeon Pea intercropping system with Bt-varieties, mulching role on rhizosphere soil nutrient availability and Organic cotton production.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Amravati, Akola, Chandrapur, Jalna Nagpur, Wardha, and Yavatmal Districts of Maharshtra State and Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh State.

 

RVSKVV, Khandwa

 

• ICM (20 ha): Integrated Crop Management techniques with special reference to INM in popular Bt cotton hybrids INM Rasi 659 BG II.
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Intercropping cotton with Arhar.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Khandwa and Punasa blocks of Khandwa District.

OUAT, Bhawanipatna

 

• ICM       (30       ha):              Integrated       Crop    Management techniques with Integrated Pest Management (sowing of maize as border crop, application of botanical pesticides neem pesticide (1500 ppm), Flonicamid, installation of pheromone trap), green manuring with sunhemp, use of bio-fertilizers (Application of Azoptobacter and PSB), use of micronutrients (zinc sulphate and magnesium sulphate), use of Planofix (NAA), use of herbicide Glyphosate, Cotton hybrids viz., Tulsi Takat, Tulsi 7, Rasi 569 (Farmer’s share).
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Intercropping of pigeon pea with cotton in 4:1 row ratio application of botanical pesticides neem pesticide (1500 ppm), use of Flonicamid, application of copper oxychloride and streptocycline, use of bio-fertilizers (Azoptobacter and PSB), use of micronutrients (zinc sulphate and magnesium sulphate), use of Planofix (NAA), use of herbicide Glyphosate, cotton hybrids viz., Tulsi Takat, Tulsi 7, Rasi 569 (Farmer’s share).
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Kalahandi, Bolangir, Rayagada, Nuapada.

ANGRAU, Guntur

 

• ICM (60 ha): Best management practices – seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5 g / kg followed by, treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g / kg, recommended 150:60:60 NPK kg/ha, N and K given in 3-4 splits at 20 days interval starting from 20 DAS (as the soils are low in available nitrogen status, suggested to apply 25% excess nitrogen to the crop), foliar sprays of 19:19:19 and Speedfol (mixture of both macro and micro nutrients) to supplement micro nutrients and plant hormones, Neem oil, yellow (10 Nos/acre) and blue sticky traps for sucking pest control, erection of pheromone traps @ 4/acre for monitoring pink boll worm, for control of pink boll worm spraying of persistent insecticides like thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.5 g/l or profenophos @ 2 ml/l or quinalphos 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/l or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 ml/l at 15 days interval. At the crop final stage, spray synthetic pyrethriods such as cypermethrin 10 EC @ 1.25 ml/l or lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @1.0 ml/l. Usage of Planofix to reduce boll drop. Tank mixure (Quizalofop ethyl 50 g a.i/ha+ PyrithiobacSodium@62.5ga.i/ha) at 2-4 weed leaf stage.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Jonnalagadda, Lam, Ravela, Bejathpuram, Pamulapadu, Tatireddypalem, Yanamadala, Tadikonda, Gorlavaripalem and Gorantla villages of Guntur district.

RARS, Nandhyal

 

• ICM (25 ha) : Foliar sprays of 19:19: 19 and Speedfol (mixture of both macro and micro nutrients) to supplement micro nutrients and plant hormones, Neem oil, yellow and blue sticky traps for sucking pest control, Thiodicarb, Profenophos, Lamdacyhalothrin and Pheromone traps against pink boll worms, Maize grown as barrier crop in the border to prevent the spread of the sucking pest, Usage of Planofix to reduce boll drop, Pendimethalin @ 5g / lit as pre emergence herbicide and Tank mixure (Quizalofop ethyl 50 g a.i/ha+ Pyrithiobac Sodium @62.5 g a.i / ha at 2-4 weed leaf stage.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Kurnool

PJTSAU, Adilabad

 

• ICM (25 ha): Integrated crop management with pest and diseases management (Cotton seed treatment with Trichoderma viridae @ 10 g/kg seed, erection of PBW Pheromone traps & lures @ 8/acre, erection of yellow sticky traps @ 10/acre, spraying of Neem oil (1500 PPM) @ 5 ml/lt. spraying of Flonicamid @ 0.3 g/l, need based spraying of Thiodicarb @ 1.5 g/lt & Spraying of Carbendazim (+) Mancozeb @ 2 g/lt).
• Intercropping in Cotton (25 ha): Cotton intercropping with Redgram (Redgram seed @ 3 kg/acre, spraying of foliar major nutrient 13:0:45 NPK @10 g/lt, spraying of foliar micro nutrient Agrominmax @ 5 g/lt and spraying of Chlorantraniliprole @ 0.3 ml/lt insecticide)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Jainath, Adilabad Rural, Bheempur

UAS, Raichur

 

• ICM (30 ha): Techonologies on foliar sprays of MgSO4, and Bio-20 (Mixture of both macro and micro nutrients) and spraying of Acephate + Imidachloprid, Dinetufuron, Profenophos and Flomicamid against sucking pests and PBW.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30 ha): Techonologies on improved ELS cotton Bt hybrids, sucking pest management through spraying of Acephate + Imidachloprid, Flonicamid, Difenthiuron and Profenophos against PBW.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Raichur, Yadgir and Ballari.

UAS, Chamrajnagar

 

• ICM (30 ha): Integrated Crop management practices for major cotton cultivars Minerva, Bahubali, Puli, Mahadeva and Rasi, Proper spacing management of leaf reddening and flower drop, Management of sucking pest & Boll worms and Foliar nutrients application.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30ha): Best Management practices for ELS cotton hybrids viz., DCH-32 Bt, Bahubali, Puli and Rasi.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Chamrajnagar/ Mysuru.

TNAU, Coimbatore

 

• ICM (20 ha): INM, IWM, IPM and IDM on CO 17.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): INM, IWM, IPM and IDM ELS cotton variety MCU 5 (10 ha) and Desi cotton variety KC 3 (10 ha).
• Intercropping in Cotton (25 ha): Cotton – SVPR 6 intercropped with Black gram (Vamban8).
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudunagar.

ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore

 

• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): Best management practices for ELS Bt cotton hybrids (HxB).
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Tirupathur

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Yield Details of the FLDs Demonstrated

 

Centre wise Average yield during 2022 – 23 in Comparison to Farmer’s practices

 

State / Name of the Centre	ICM Average Yield (kg/ha)		Desi / ELS Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)		Intercropping in Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)
	FLD	Farmer’s Practice	FLD	Farmer’s Practice	FLD	FLD Intercrop	Farmer’s Practice
PAU, Faridkot	1515	1268	1600	1444	–	–	–
CCSHAU, Hisar	1543	1367	–	–	–	–	–
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	1853	1765	1605	1493	–	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	2000	1595	–	–	–	–	–
NAU, Surat	2278	2014	603	504	–	–	–
JAU, Junagadh	2630	2502	–	–	3113	941	3056
PDKV, Akola	2244	1765	–	–	–	–	–
MAU, Nanded	1215	1136	1155	1089	1092	543	1432
MPKV, Rahuri	2237	2121	1730	1606	2146	1173 (Pulses) 28229 (Maize)	2312
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	2299	1975	1692	1468	2466	–	1906
RVSKVV, Khandwa	1829	1525	–	–	1955	–	1681
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	1545	1259	–	–	1512	–	1254
ANGRAU, Guntur	2046	1760	–	–	–	–	–
RARS, Nandhyal	1522	1307	–	–	–	–	–
PJTSAU, Adilabad	2069	1710	–	–	1910	–	1621
UAS, Raichur	2682	2492	2231	2024	–	–	–
UAS Chamrajnagar	1081	905	1029	866	–	–	–
TNAU, Coimbatore	1915	1250	1367(ELS) 530 (DESI)	–	1310	87	1124
CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	1373	1075	–	–	–

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Extension Activities

 

The centers had conducted various extension activities to popularize the cotton production technologies among the cotton growers. A total of 198 visits by the Scientists, 101 farmers’ meetings, 46 field days and 39 awareness programs were conducted by the centres during the year 2022-23. In addition, some centres disseminated the cotton technological information through radio talks, TV talks, newspaper clippings and voice SMS.

Details of Extension Activities during 2022 – 23

 

Name of the Centre	Extension Programme
	Scientist’s Visit	Farmers Meeting	Field Days	Awareness Program / Kisan Mela	News Paper / Radio / Video Coverage	Others
PAU, Faridkot	22	2	4	2	16	–
CCSHAU, Hisar	8	–	3	–	–	–
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	3	2	–	1	1	–
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	6	14	14	6	16 mobile advisories	14 advisories s
NAU, Surat	9	–	–	–	–	–
JAU, Junagadh	11	11	0	0	1	–
PDKV, Akola	11	12	2	4	04	–
MAU, Nanded	15	7	2	2	1	–
MPKV, Rahuri	4	1	–	1	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	6	6	6	5	6	–
RVSKVV, Khandwa	3	2	1	1	4	2
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	12	8	2	2	2	–
ANGRAU, Guntur	11	7	2	2	2	–
RARS, Nandhyal	6	5	1	3	1	3
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	20	6	3	1	10	–
UAS, Dharwad	–	–	–	–	–	–
UAS, Raichur	9	9	2	1	1	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	20	–	–	5	–	–
TNAU, Coimbatore	19	6	4	2	1	–
ICAR – CICR, RS, Coimbatore	3	3	–	1	–	52 advisories
TOTAL	198	101	46	39	66

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Impact of FLD – Centre wise details on Cost Benefit Ratio

 

To analyse the impact of FLDs on ICM, ELS /Desi / Seed production and intercropping, data were collected on parameters viz., cost of cultivation, gross income, net profit, additional profit due to FLD and Benefit Cost ratio for both FLD and farmers’ practice per hectare.

Impact of FLD on ICM in terms of B: C ratio during 2022 – 23

 

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	42500	45000	118169	98866	75669	53866	21803	1.78	1.20
CCSHAU, Hisar	104380	100972	132275	117187	27894	16215	12679	1.27	1.16
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	66431	–	128250	–	61819	–	–	0.90	–
NAU, Surat	67077	61977	182232	161135	115155	99158	15997	3.00	–
JAU, Junagadh	45523	44103	79629	76191	130877	123904	7149	2.30	2.20
PDKV, Akola	53956	52119	136569	108335	82613	56216	26396	2.53	2.08
MAU, Nanded	65633	65571	100157	93563	34524	27992	6533	1.52	1.42
MPKV, Rahuri	80267	83757	178999	169675	98732	85918	12814	2.23	–
ICAR- CICR, Nagpur	70000	80000	177055	152071	107055	72071	34984	1.53	0.90
RVSKVV, Khandwa	60671	56170	137156	114375	76485	58205	18280	2.26	2.036
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	41132	36392	114342	93141	73211	56750	16461	2.80	2.60
ANGRAU, Guntur	118869	120513	153598	133735	37204	13443	23762	1.30	1.08
RARS, Nandhyal	46187	43431	129384	111085	83196	67654	15542	2.80	2.60
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	55637	57522	166520	137675	110883	80153	30730	3.00	2.40
UAS, Raichur	70917	74753	214533	199387	143810	124633	19177	3.03	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	72671	64436	96247	80632	23576	16196	7380	1.30	1.30
TNAU, Coimbatore	68500	63500	145600	100000	77100	36500	40600	2.12	1.57

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Impact of FLD on Desi / ELS / Seed production in cotton in terms of B: C ratio during 2022 – 23

 

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	38500	40000	120031	101063	81531	61062	20468.8	2.12	1.53
NAU, Surat	34247	30209	58423	35750	24177	5542	18635	1.70	–
MAU, Nanded	45020	48229	95085	89211	50065	40982	9083	2.11	1.85
MPKV, Rahuri	67355	68788	155700	136503	88345	67715	20630	2.32	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	55926	65926	130255	113011	74329	47085	27244	1.34	0.73
UAS, Raichur	74520	79663	223100	202367	148580	122703	25877	2.99	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	64031	56531	90282	75415	26251	18884	7367	1.40	1.30
ICAR – CICR, Coimbatore (ELS)	85825	63805	113528	85710	27703	21905	5798	1.30	1.20

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Impact of FLD on Intercropping in terms of B: C ratio during 2022 – 23

 

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
JAU, Junagadh	51748	44034	103236	93730	178848	150711	28138	2.7	2.50
MAU, Nanded	69060	68304	127381	118476	58321	50172	8149	1.84	1.73
MPKV, Rahuri	100570	79710	236901	198050	136331	118340	19555	2.37	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	75000	80000	189879	146790	114879	66790	48089	1.53	0.83
RVSKVV, Khandwa	67251	59195	146631	126094	79380	66899	12481	2.2	2.10
OUAT, Bhawanipatna	40398	35320	111907	92759	71509	57439	14070	2.8	2.60
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	59449	62569	153777	130454	94327	67885	26442	2.59	2.09
TNAU, Coimbatore	64000	62000	116740	95540	52740	34540	18200	1.82	1.54

FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION IN COTTON: 2021-22

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Implementation of FLDs

Out of the allotted FLDs, a total of 514 Front Line Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management on cotton, 217 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 145 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were conducted by nineteen centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Cotton. Out of the allotted budget Rs.79.99 lakh, an amount of Rs. 60.45 lakh was released during the year 2021¬22 in two instalments and the unspent balance Rs.11.66 lakh was revalidated. The amount received as first Instalment was Rs. 39.95 lakh and second instalment was Rs. 20.50 lakh. Out of the total amount Rs. 72.11 lakh received during 2021-22, an amount of Rs.70.74 lakh was released to the centres.

Physical and Financial Targets of Front Line Demonstrations during 2021 – 22 (in Lakh Rs.)

S. No	Centres	FLDs on M		FLDs on Desi / ELS Cotton / ELS Cotton Seed Production		FLDs on Intercropping in Cotton		Total in Lakh (Rs.)
		No	Budget (Rs.)	No	Budget (Rs.)	No	Budget (Rs.)
1	PAU, Faridkot	25	2.00	25	2.25	–	–	4.25
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	60	4.80	–	–	–	–	4.80
5	NAU, Surat	20	1.60	10	0.90	–	–	2.50
6	JAU, Junagadh	40	3.20	–	–	10	0.80	4.00
7	PDKV, Akola	20	1.60	40	3.60	–	–	5.20
8	MAU, Nanded	40	3.20	30	2.70	20	1.60	7.50
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	2.40	–	–	20	1.60	4.00
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	1.60	10	0.90	20	1.60	4.10
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	1.60	–	–	20	1.60	3.20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	40	3.20	–	–	20	1.60	4.80
13	RARS, Nandhyal	25	2.00	–	–	–	–	2.00
14	PJTSAU, Warrangal	25	2.00	–	–	20	1.60	3.60
15	UAS, Dharwad	30	2.40	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.80
16	UAS, Raichur	30	2.40	20	1.80	–	–	4.20
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	2.40	20	1.80	–	–	4.20
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	15	1.20	15	1.35	15	1.20	3.75
19	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	20	1.80	–	–	3.40
	Total	530	42.40	270	24.30	165	13.20	79.90

Physical Achievement of Front Line Demonstrations during 2021 – 22

S. No	Centres	FLDs on M		FLDs on Desi / ELS Cotton / ELS Cotton Seed Production		FLDs on Intercropping in Cotton		Total in Lakh (Rs.)
		No	Budget (Rs.)	No	Budget (Rs.)	No	Budget (Rs.)
1	PAU, Faridkot	25	2.00	25	2.25	–	–	4.25
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	60	4.80	–	–	–	–	4.80
5	NAU, Surat	20	1.60	10	0.90	–	–	2.50
6	JAU, Junagadh	40	3.20	–	–	10	0.80	4.00
7	PDKV, Akola	20	1.60	40	3.60	–	–	5.20
8	MAU, Nanded	40	3.20	30	2.70	20	1.60	7.50
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	2.40	–	–	20	1.60	4.00
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	1.60	10	0.90	20	1.60	4.10
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	1.60	–	–	20	1.60	3.20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	40	3.20	–	–	20	1.60	4.80
13	RARS, Nandhyal	25	2.00	–	–	–	–	2.00
14	PJTSAU, Warrangal	25	2.00	–	–	20	1.60	3.60
15	UAS, Dharwad	30	2.40	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.80
16	UAS, Raichur	30	2.40	20	1.80	–	–	4.20
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	2.40	20	1.80	–	–	4.20
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	15	1.20	15	1.35	15	1.20	3.75
19	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	20	1.80	–	–	3.40
	Total	530	42.40	270	24.30	165	13.20	79.90

(A – No. of FLDs allotted in hectare; C – No. of FLDs conducted actually in hectares)

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FLDs on Integrated Crop Management on Cotton

Under FLDs on ICM on cotton, a total of 514 demonstrations were conducted during the year 2021-22. Each demonstration was conducted in one hectare plot. High yielding varieties and hybrids suited for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, water management etc., were the production technologies demonstrated through this component. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio¬pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps / light traps etc.,

FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton / seed production of Desi / ELS cotton

In order to popularize the cultivation of desi / ELS cotton and produce the seeds of Desi / ELS cotton, this component was implemented in 217 hectares. An amount of Rs.9000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.8000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, pheromone traps/light traps etc.,

FLDs on intercropping with cotton

To increase the production of food crops along with cash crops, this component was introduced. In this component along with cotton crop, various intercrops like cowpea, black gram, green gram, groundnut, soybean, onion etc., were demonstrated. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps/light traps etc., During the year 2021-22, a total of 145 hectares demonstrations were conducted under this component.

FLD Farmers’ Profile

During the year 2021-22, Front Line Demonstrations were conducted in ten states by 19 centers of ICAR – AICRP on cotton. These demonstrations were conducted on ICM in cotton, desi / ELS cotton and seed production of ELS cotton and intercropping in cotton. In accordance with the decision of Government of India (GOI) regarding implementation of Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Caste and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes and Gender Budgeting, the beneficiaries were selected for the year’s Front Line Demonstration program.

Details of farmers benefited out of SCP, TSP and Gender budgeting of Cotton FLDs during 2021 – 22

S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on ICM
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
1.	PAU, Faridkot	9	19	42	2	72
2.	CCSHAU, Hisar	6	7	62		75
3.	ICAR-CICR, Sirsa		9	141		150
4.	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	7	68	–	–	75
5.	NAU, Surat	46	–	–	4	50
6.	JAU, Junagadh	–	11	75	1	87
7.	PDKV, Akola	6	8	–	1	15
8.	MAU, Nanded	17	31	49	3	100
9.	MPKV, Rahuri	8	2	65	–	75
10.	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	30	17	–	3	50
12.	ANGRAU, Guntur	5	18	2	15	40
13.	RARS, Nandhyal	7	9	8	1	25
14.	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	54	8	–	–	62
15.	UAS, Dharwad	–	–	29	1	30
16.	UAS, Raichur	8	2	20	–	30
17.	UAS, Chamrajnagar	12	38	–	–	50
18.	TNAU, Coimbatore	4	10	–	1	15
	Total	219	257	493	32	1001

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S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on Desi/ELS cotton
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
1.	PAU, Faridkot	5	10	22	–	37
2.	CCSHAU, Hisar	10	24	41	–	75
4.	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	18	57	–	–	75
5.	NAU, Surat	–	20	4	1	25
7.	PDKV, Akola	12	23	–	3	38
8.	MAU, Nanded	1	–	11	1	13
10.	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	5	–	–	–	5
13.	RARS, Nandhyal	–	–	–	–	–
14.	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	37	13	–	–	50
15.	UAS, Dharwad	2	–	14	4	20
17.	UAS, Chamrajnagar	17	–	8	–	25
18.	TNAU, Coimbatore	–	4	10	2	16
19.	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	44	–	6	50
	Total	107	195	110	17	429

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S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on Intercropping
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
6.	JAU, Junagadh	–	10	12	–	22
8.	MAU, Nanded	4	16	24	6	50
9.	MPKV, Rahuri	11	4	35	–	50
10.	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	–	39	2	9	50
12.	ANGRAU, Guntur	4	7	9	–	20
15.	UAS, Dharwad	2	–	16	2	20
18.	TNAU, Coimbatore	6	8	–	1	15
	Total	27	84	98	18	227

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Altogether, 1657 farmers participated in demonstrations conducted in an area of 876 hectares. In the demonstrations on ICM on cotton 1001 farmers were directly benefited as demonstrators in an area of 514 hectares, whereas in demonstrations on Desi/ELS cotton 429 farmers were benefited as demonstrators in an area of 217 hectares and 227 farmers were benefited by demonstrations on intercropping in cotton in an area of 145 hectares. A total of 353 SC/ST farmers, 536 OBC farmers and 67 farm women were benefited out of this program during the year 2021-22.

Technologies Demonstrated under FLD

During the reported year, under National Food Security Mission (Commercial Crops), 514 Front Line Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management on cotton, 217 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 145 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were conducted. The various technologies demonstrated were high yielding varieties and hybrids suitable for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management, Integrated Pest Management, use of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, water management practices, improved agronomic practices and intercropping.

Details on the Technologies Demonstrated during 2021 – 22

PAU, Faridkot

ICM (33.4 ha): Improved cultivars, optimum time of sowing, ideal plant population, weed management & balanced nutrition on F2228, F1378, PAU Bt 1, PAU Bt 3, RCH773, RCH776, RCH650, SP7172, RCH-926 Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (25 ha): Popularization of desi cotton LD 949 and FDK 124 Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Bathinda, Mukatsar, Ferozepur, Sangrur, Fazilka, and Faridkot

CCSHAU, Hisar

ICM (30 ha): Yield maximization of Bt cotton hybrids with improved technology i.e. INM, IPM, Soil and water management and Improved Agronomic practices Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30 ha): Popularizing high yielding and non-shedding Desi cotton varieties, minimizing the infestation of whitefly, minimizing the insecticidal sprays, minimizing the inoculums of CLCuD and identifying of suitable varieties for the cotton- wheat cropping system Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hisar, Jind, Bhiwani and Mahendergarh

ICAR-CICR, Sirsa

ICM (60 ha): Integrated Crop Management on cotton hybrids and varieties like BG-II Hybrids, CICR Bt-6, CSH-3129, CSH-3075, Desi CICR-1, CICR- 2 (Hybrid) and CICR-3, seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma spp., 1 kg / acre, installation of PBW traps& lure 2/ acre, weed management & crop sanitation, initial spray of Neem Oil (300ppm) @ 1 L/acre for management of insect-pests, balanced nutrition and NPK (13:0:45) @ 2 kg/acre, Propiconazole 25%EC @ 200ml/ acre for management of fungal foliar diseases, Carbendazim @ 250g/acre for management of root rot and Emamectin benzoate @ 100g/acre for management of insect-pests Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Haryana – Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Rewari, Sirsa Rajasthan – Hanumangarh

SKRAU, Sriganganagar

ICM (30 ha) : Integrated crop management practices for G. hirsutum hybrids Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30 ha) : Crop management practices for G. arboreum varieties Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar

NAU, Surat

ICM (20 ha): ICM in approved public sector Bt cotton hybrids (G. Cot hy-8 BG II and G. Cot. Hy-12 BG II) comprising promotion of nutrient management through bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB and KMB) and foliar supplement through Novel organic liquid fertilizer – Novel Plus (Banana pseudo stem sap), PBW monitoring through Pheromone trap and insect and bollworms management through safer insecticides viz; Flonicamid 50 WG and Profenophos 50 EC for sucking pests and Lemda-Cyhalothrin 5 EC for bollworms and use of yellow sticky traps. Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (10 ha): Seed production of desi cotton varieties viz; GN. Cot. 25 (G. herbaceum) and GN. Cot. 29 (G. arboreum) with nutrient management through biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB and KMB) & foliar supplement through Novel organic liquid fertilizer – Novel Plus (Banana pseudo stem sap), PBW monitoring through pheromone trap and insects and bollworm management through safer insecticides viz., Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG, Chlorantranilliprole 18.5 SC for Bollworms, Profenophos 50 EC, Azadirachtin (1500 ppm) and Lemda-Cyhalothrin 5 EC for sucking pests and Chlorpyriphos 20 EC for sucking and bollworms. Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Tapi and Bharuch

JAU, Junagadh :

ICM (40 ha): IPM with bio agents, pheromone trap and pesticides, INM with chemical fertilizer, bio fertilizer (PSB, KSB and Azotobacter), canopy management and de-topping. Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha): Groundnut and soyabean crop as intercrop in cotton (1:1). Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Bhavanagar Junagadh, and Rajkot

PDKV, Akola

ICM (15 ha): Cotton Improved Bt Variety AKH-081+Foliar Spray & Moisture Conservation Practices. Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (38 ha): PDKV-JKAL-116 Bt BG-II Hybrid with complete Package of Practices Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Akola, Buldhana and Amravati

MAU, Nanded

ICM (30 ha): Optimum spacing (rainfed: 120 x 45 cm – population 18518 plants / ha), Integrated Pest Management (for pink bollworm in particular) and RDF (120:60:60 NPK kg / ha) for NHH 44 Bt Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (15 ha): Desi cotton variety PA 812 Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Intercropping of Red gram in NHH 44 Bt Cotton (4:1, 6:1 and 8:2) Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Parbhani, Hingoli, Beed, Jalna , Aurangabad and Nanded district

MPKV, Rahuri

ICM (30 ha) : Optimum plant population (12345 plant ha-1), recommended Dose of Fertilizer (125:65:65 NPK kg ha-1), foliar spray of MPKVs liquid Phule Micro Grade II (Micronutrient), Nano urea application, cotton de­topping @ 70 DAS, Criss cross intercultural operations, use of NSKE for spraying,   1% Urea and 2% DAP spray at the time of flowering, 0.2 % MgSo4 spray at the time of boll development, use of Pheromone and sticky traps, recommended seed rate (2.5 kg/ha) and irrigation management through drip irrigation. Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Intercropping with mung bean, soy bean, maize, pigeon pea, cabbage and cluster bean Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Ahmednagar

ICAR- CICR, : Nagpur

ICM (20 ha): Potentials of public sector Bt cotton Hybrid, balanced nutrition (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha), split application of N & K i.e, 25% as basal and 25% each at 30, 60, 90 Days after sowing (DAS), foliar spray of 2% DAP, or 1% MgSO4 or 2% Urea, 0.5 % ZnSO4 and 0.2 % Boron in 15 days interval at crop 90 DAS, need based PP measures for sucking pests (IPM practices) and PBW management strategy. Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (2 ha): ICAR CICR-CNA 1003 (Roja) Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Bt cotton + Tur (PKV TARA) along with nutrient and pest management. Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Dongargaon, Tal. Kuhi, Khairi Pannase & Girola Tal. Higana Pindkapar, Tal.Umred Dist.Nagpur

ANGRAU, Guntur

ICM (40 ha) : Best management practices Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha) : Cotton + Green gram Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Guntur

RARS, Nandhyal

ICM (25ha): Foliar sprays of 19:19: 19 and Speedfol (mixture of both macro and micronutrients) to supplement micronutrients and plant hormones, Neem oil, yellow and blue sticky traps for sucking pest control, Thiodicarb, Profenophos, Lamda cyhalothrin and Pheromone traps against pink boll warm control, Maize grown as barrier crop in the border to prevent the spread of the sucking pest, Usage of Planofix to reduce boll drop and Tank mixure (Quizalofop ethyl 50 g a.i/ha+ Pyrithiobac Sodium @62.5ga.i/ha) at 2-4 weed leaf stage. Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Salkapuramu and Lakshmipuramu villages of Kallur Mandal in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh

PJTSAU, Adilabad

ICM (25 ha): Integrated crop management with pest and diseases management (Cotton seed treatment with Trichoderma viridae @ 10 g/kg seed, Erection of PBW Pheromone traps & lures @ 8/acre, Erection of Yellow sticky traps @ 10/acre, spraying of Neem oil (1500 PPM) @ 5 ml/lt., spraying of Flonicamid @ 0.3 g/l, need based spraying of Thiodicarb @ 1.5 g/lt & Spraying of Carbendazim (+) Mancozeb @ 2 g/lt) Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Intercrop Redgram with the seed rate of 3 kg/acre, spraying of foliar major nutrient 13:0:45 NPK @ 10 g/lt, spraying of foliar micro nutrient Agrominmax @                                          5 g/lt and spraying of Chlorantraniliprole @ 0.3 ml/lt insecticide. Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Adilabad

UAS, Dharwad

ICM (30 ha): Potential ruling Bt cotton hybrids, balanced nutrition (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha + 10 kg MgSO4), split application of N & K i.e., 25% as basal and 25% each at 30, 60, 90 DAS, foliar nutrition (1% All 19 + 1% MgSO4 + Planofix), need based PP measures for sucking pests, Diafenthiruon 50%WP @10 Kg /ha, PBW Lures 160 Numbers, Spinetoram 11.70 % SC @ 100 ml / ha,                                          Lambdacyhalothrin 5 EC @250 ml / ha, Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC @0.20ml/lit, Pheromone funnel trap @ 100 no, Profenofos 50 EC @2.00 ml/lit and Corbendazin+ Mancozeb Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): Interspecific HB cotton hybrid DCH-32 BG-II Vs DCH-32 NBt and desi variety DDhc-II vs Jayadhar Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Cotton + Peas (vegetable purpose), Cotton + Green gram (1:1) (grain purpose) and cotton + groundnut (1:1) (grain purpose) Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Dharwad, Haveri and Gadag

UAS, Raichur

ICM (30 ha): Foliar sprays of 19:19:19, MgSO4, and Bio-20 (Mixture of both macro and micronutrients), Planofix to reduce the boll drop and spraying of Fipronil against jassids and Lamda Cyalothrin and Preofenohos against pink bollworm on Bt cotton hybrids. Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Raichur, Yadgir and Ballari

UAS, Chamrajnagar

ICM (30 ha): Integrated Crop management practices for major cotton cultivars Proper spacing, management of leaf reddening and flower drop, management of sucking pest and boll worms and foliar nutrient application Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): DCH 32 Bt Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Chamrajanagar

TNAU, Coimbatore

ICM (15 ha): Integrated Crop Management for CO 17 Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (15 ha): ELS cotton variety MCU 5 and Desi cotton variety K 12. Intercropping in Cotton (15 ha): Cotton varieties SVPR 2,4,5,6 and CO 17 intercropped with green gram (CO 88) Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Coimbatore, Tuticorin and Virudhunagar

ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore

Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): Best management practices for ELS Bt cotton inter specific hybrids Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Kinathukadavu taluk of Coimbatore

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Yield Details of the FLDs Demonstrated

In all the centres, the FLDs could obtain more yield than the farmers’ practices of their respective areas. At Punjab, the FLDs on ICM could obtain an average seed cotton yield of 1937 kg/ha as against the farmers’ practices (1628 kg/ha). Similarly in the demonstrations on Desi cotton, an average seed cotton yield of 1701 kg/ha as against the farmers’ practices (1416 kg/ha) was obtained. In Haryana, the average seed cotton yield obtained in FLDs on ICM was 2125 kg/ha as against 1841 kg/ha (farmers’ practice). In Rajasthan, the average seed cotton yield in FLDs was 1853 kg/ha under ICM demonstrations as against the average yield of the farmers’ regular practices (1765 kg/ha) and 1605 kg/ha under Desi cotton in FLDs as against the farmers’ practice (1493 kg/ha). In Gujarat, the FLDs conducted by the NAU centre yielded an average seed cotton yield of 2137 kg/ha in ICM and 1234 kg/ha in Desi cotton demonstrations. 

Centre wise Average yield of Cotton under FLDs in Comparison to Farmer’s practices

State / Name of the Centre	ICM Average Yield (kg/ha)		Desi / ELS Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)		Intercropping in Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)
	FLD	Farmers’ Practice	FLD	Farmers’ Practice	FLD	FLD Intercrop	Farmers’ Practice
PAU, Faridkot	1937	1628	1701	1416	–	–	–
CCSHAU, Hisar	2163	1955	1557	1436	–	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	1467	1400	–	–	–	–	–
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	1853	1765	1605	1493	–	–	–
NAU, Surat	2137	1831	1234	1071	–	–	–
JAU, Junagadh	1676	1560	–	–	1316	1272	1339
PDKV, Akola	1670	1718	1979	1563	–	–	–
MAU, Nanded	1222	1131	1137	1094	1197	412	1362
MPKV, Rahuri	2278	2125	–	–	2108	7616	2282
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	1128	982	974	918	1087	689	989
ANGRAU, Guntur	2944	2468	–	–	2874	–	2392
RARS, Nandhyal	834	711	–	–	–	–	–
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	1852	1567	–	–	1883	–	1653
UAS, Dharwad	1206	993	1052	719	1523	–	1380
UAS, Raichur	2885	2681	–	–	–	–	–
UAS Chamrajnagar	1535	1308	1540	1327	–	–	–
TNAU, Coimbatore	1303	–	761 (Desi) 1999 (ELS)	–	1383	105	1190
ICAR – CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	1625	955	–	–	–

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The FLDs conducted by Junagadh center yielded an average seed cotton yield of 1676 kg/ha in ICM and 1316 kg/ha in intercropping with an addition of 1272 kg/ha intercrop yield. The Akola, Nanded, Rahuri and Nagpur centers in Maharashtra could obtain an average seed cotton yield of 1670 kg/ha, 1222 kg/ha, 2278 kg/ha and 1128 kg/ha respectively in FLDs on ICM. The FLDs conducted by ANGRAU, Guntur on ICM yielded an average seed cotton yield of 2944 kg/ha. The FLDs on intercropping yielded an average seed cotton yield of 2874 kg/ha. The FLDs on ICM conducted by RARS, Nandhyal gave an average seed cotton yield of 834 kg/ha. The FLDs conducted at Telangana by ARS, Adilabad yielded an average seed cotton yield of 1852 kg/ha as against the farmers’ practice 1567 kg/ha. An average seed cotton yield of 1206 kg/ha, 2885 kg/ha and 1535 kg/ha were obtained respectively by Dharwad, Raichur and Chamarajanagar centers in Karnataka under FLDs on ICM. In Tamil Nadu, the FLDs conducted by TNAU on intercropping could obtain an average seed cotton yield of 1383 kg/ ha in FLD, average intercrop yield of 1305 kg/ha and 1190 kg/ha in farmers’ own practices. The FLDs conducted by ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore on ELS Bt cotton hybrids yielded an average seed cotton yield of 1625 kg/ha.

Extension Activities

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Details of Extension Activities

Name of the Centre	Extension Programme
	Scientists’ Visit	Farmers’ Meeting	Field Days	Awareness Program / Kisan Mela	News Paper / Radio / Video Coverage	Others
PAU, Faridkot	12	–	–	2	16	–
CCSHAU, Hisar	10	10	2	5	8	–
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	11	12	21	–	–	–
SKRAU, Sriganganagar	3	2	–	1	1	–
NAU, Surat	6	1	–	–	–	–
JAU, Junagadh	5	6	0	0	2	–
PDKV, Akola	12	8	2	6	06
MAU, Nanded	19	8	3	7	3	–
MPKV, Rahuri	6	–	–	–	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	2	3	2	2	1	–
RVSKVV, Khandwa	–	–	–	–	–	–
ANGRAU, Guntur	4	2	1	–	–	–
RARS, Nandhyal	5	4	1	–	–	–
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	23	9	3	1	12	–
UAS, Dharwad	16	09	01	10	–	–
UAS, Raichur	6	6	1	1	1	–
UAS Chamrajnagar	15	2	1	–	–	Consultancy services
TNAU, Coimbatore	27	15	2	–	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Coimbatore	9	4	1	1	–	E-kapas advisory services
TOTAL	191	101	41	34	34

The centers had conducted various extension activities to popularize the cotton production technologies among the cotton growers (Table 7). A total of 191 visits by the Scientists, 101 farmers’ meetings, 41 field days and 34 awareness programs were conducted by the centers during the year 2021-22. In addition, some centers disseminated the cotton technological information through radio talks, TV talks, newspaper clippings (34) and voice SMS.

Impact of FLD – Centre wise details on Cost Benefit Ratio

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Impact of FLD on ICM

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	40190	42500	116239	97710	76049	55210.0	20839	1.9	1.3
CCSHAU, Hisar	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	44275	46562	138092	140000	93817	93437	–	2.07	2.0
NAU, Surat	63943	58215	149618	128142	66265	69927	15749	2.3	–
JAU, Junagadh	25427	26551	103972	93732			10035	2.48	2.16
PDKV, Akola	15150	18451	33449	39598	67184	63923	3261	3.01	2.61
MAU, Nanded	60989	61183	116343	107652	55354	46469	8885	1.90	–
MPKV, Rahuri	77588	80064	193654	180608	116066	100544	15522	2.50	–
ICAR- CICR, Nagpur	46490	44720	65745	58320	19255	13600	5655	1.41	1.30
ANGRAU, Guntur	119306	135613	244295	204839	124989	69227	55763	2.05	1.51
RARS, Nandhyal	34467	33913	70904	60425	36436	26512	9924	2.1	1.8
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	54642	56521	151826	128518	97183	71997	25186	2.78	2.28
UAS, Dharwad	25802	28383			101036	74863	26173	4.00	–
UAS, Raichur	66033	70173	245197	227857	179163	157683	21480	3.72	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	67352	64789	161077	137018	93726	72229	–	2.39	2.11

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Impact of FLD on Desi / ELS / Seed production in cotton

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	102058	84950	63558	45367	25058	5783	18192	1.7	1.1
NAU, Surat	49621	42389	97244	73422	47624	31033	16591	1.96	–
PDKV, Akola	19860	14820	41358	39632	84176	59473	24703	3.03	2.50
MAU, Nanded	49675	55015	107547	103066	57871	48050	9821	2.16	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	43650	41275	56420	49850	12770	8575	4195	1.29	1.20
UAS, Dharwad	16281	18844	109184	75728	92903	56884	36019	–	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	67227	63829	161585	139550	94357	75721	18636	2.40	2.18
ICAR – CICR, Coimbatore	27450	23975	138350	117750	110900	93775	17125	4.03	–

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The details on impact of FLD on Desi/ ELS / Seed production cotton (Table 9) reveal that the average cost of cultivation in FLD ranged from Rs.16281 to Rs.102058/- per hectare where as in farmers’ practice it was ranged from Rs. 18844 to Rs.84950/-. The additional profit due to FLD was ranged from Rs. 4195 to Rs.36019/-. The benefit cost ratio of FLD was ranged from 1.29 to 4.03.

Impact of FLD on Intercropping

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
JAU, Junagadh	30400	24061	64972	54491	127422	75947	51475	2.60	1.92
MAU, Nanded	61537	63302	138974	129891	77437	66589	10848	2.25	–
MPKV, Rahuri	96654	81577	217944	193934	121291	112357	8934	2.30	–
ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	48850	47110	67420	60120	18570	13010	5560	1.38	1.27
ANGRAU, Guntur	123139	133522	238553	198495	115414	64973	50441	1.94	1.49
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	58377	61508	154422	135505	96045	73997	22048	2.65	2.20
UAS, Dharwad	37840	34391	–	–	132281	117576	14704	–	–

FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION IN COTTON: 2020-21

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Implementing Agencies and Fund Flow Mechanism

In 12th Five Year Plan under the National Food Security Mission (NFSM), cropping system approach is being adopted by including commercial crops like cotton to meet the demand of both food and cash crops. In general, cotton is cultivated under different cropping system i.e., mono-cropping, mixed cropping, relay cropping, intercropping and rotation or sequence cropping in India. The common traditional practice adopted in cultivation of cotton in central and south India is strip cropping i.e., one or two rows of pigeon pea, three to five rows of finger millet after every eight to ten rows of cotton. Hence to increase the production of cotton without affecting the production of food crops, FLDs were planned to conduct in three different ways viz., FLDs on Integrated Crop Management on Cotton (ICM), FLDs on Desi cotton / Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton / seed production of ELS or Desi and FLDs on intercropping in cotton. NFSM – FLDs on cotton was implemented by Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare (DAC & FW) through Directorate of Cotton Development (DCD), Mumbai through ICAR-AICRP on cotton.

The number of demonstrations allocated during the year 2020-21 for conduct of NFSM-FLDs by ICAR-AICRP on cotton and its networking centres and the centre-wise budgetary outlay are given below. A total of 500 FLDs on Integrated Crop Management (ICM), 296 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 130 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were allotted to ICAR-AICRP on Cotton with a budget outlay of INR 77.00 lakh for the year 2020-21.

Physical and Financial Targets of Cotton Front Line Demonstrations during 2020 – 21 (Rs. In Lakhs)

S.No	Centres	FLDs on CM		FLDs on Desi / ELS Cotton / ELS Cotton Seed Production		FLDs on Intercropping in Cotton		Total (Rs.)
		No	Budget	No	Budget	No	Budget
1	PAU, Faridkot	20	1.60	20	1.80	–	–	3.40
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	2.40	30	2.70	–	–	5.10
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	5	0.40	0.4	0.036	–	–	0.436
–	NAU, Surat	20	1.60	10	0.90	–	–	2.54
6	JAU, Junagadh	40	3.20	–	–	10	0.80	4.00
7	PDKV, Akola	20	1.60	40	3.60	–	–	5.20
8	MAU, Nanded	40	3.20	30	2.70	20	1.60	7.50
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	2.40	–	–	10	0.80	3.20
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	1.60	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.00
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	1.60	–	–	20	1.60	3.20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	60	4.80	–	–	–	–	4.80
13	RARS, Nandhyal	30	2.40	–	–	–	–	2.40
14	PJTSAU, Adilabhad	25	2.00	–	–	10	0.80	2.80
15	UAS, Dharwad	30	2.40	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.80
16	UAS, Raichur	30	2.40	15	1.35	–	–	3.75
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	2.40	20	1.80	–	–	4.20
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	20	1.60	20	1.80	20	1.60	5.00
19	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	40	3.60	–	–	3.60
	Total	500	40.00	295.4	26.586	130	10.40	76.986
	Grand Total							76.986

(One Number of Demonstration is conducted in One hectare)

Implementation of FLDs

Out of the allotted FLDs, a total of 514 Front Line Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management on cotton, 271 Front Line Demonstrations on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production and 128 Front Line Demonstrations on intercropping with cotton were conducted by nineteen centres of All India Coordinated Research Project (Table 3) on Cotton. Out of the allotted budget INR 77.00 lakh, an amount of INR 66.74 lakh was released during the year 2020-21 in two instalments and the unspent balance INR 8.95 lakh was revalidated. The amount received as first Instalment was INR 31.74 lakh and second instalment was INR 35.00 lakh. Out of the total amount INR 75.69 lakh received during 2020-21, an amount of INR 71.29 lakh was released to the centres. 

Achieved Physical and Financial Targets of Cotton Front Line Demonstrations during 2020 – 21

S. No	Centres	FLDs on ICM		FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton / ELS cotton seed production		FLDs on Intercropping in cotton
		A	C	A	C	A	C
1	PAU, Faridkot	20	30	20	10	–	–
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	30	30	30	30	–	–
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	30	30	30	30	–	–
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	5	5	0.4	0.4	–	–
5	NAU, Surat	20	20	10	10	–	–
6	JAU, Junagadh	40	40	–	–	10	10
7	PDKV, Akola	20	20	40	40	–	–
8	MAU, Nanded	40	40	30	15	20	20
9	MPKV, Rahuri	30	30	–	–	10	10
10	ICAR-CICR, Nagpur	20	24	20	20	20	18
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	20	20	–	–	20	20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	60	60	–	–	–	—
13	RARS, Nandhyal	30	30	–	–	–
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	25	25	–	–	10	10
15	UAS, Dharwad	30	30	20	20	20	20
16	UAS, Raichur	30	30	15	15	–	–
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	30	30	20	20	–	–
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	20	20	20	20	20	20
19	ICAR- CICR, Coimbatore	–	–	40*	40*	–	–
Grand Total		500	514	295.4	270.4	130	128

(A – No. of FLDs allotted in hectare; C – No. of FLDs conducted actually in hectares) (* – under summer irrigated)

Main emphasis was given to the demonstrations for enhancing the production of cotton in low productivity areas / problematic areas. A baseline survey was conducted by the participating centres to know the resource endowments of the farmers and the level of cotton productivity.

An impact analysis after the harvest was carried out in the light of reduction in insecticide use, reduction in cost of cultivation, awareness of modern technology etc., Further in accordance with the decision of Government of India (GOI) regarding implementation of Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Caste and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes and Gender Budgeting, the beneficiaries were selected for the year’s front line demonstration programme.  

FLDs on Integrated Crop Management on Cotton

Under FLDs on ICM on cotton, a total of 514 demonstrations were conducted during the year 2020-21. Each demonstration was conducted in one hectare plot. High yielding varieties and hybrids suited for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), use of bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, water management etc., were the production technologies demonstrated through this component. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio¬pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps / light traps etc.,

FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton / seed production of Desi / ELS cotton

In order to popularize the cultivation of Desi / ELS cotton and produce the seeds of Desi / ELS cotton, this component was implemented in 271 hectares. An amount of Rs.9000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.8000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, pheromone traps/light traps etc.,

FLDs on intercropping with cotton

To increase the production of food crops along with cash crops, this component was introduced. In this component along with cotton crop, various intercrops like cowpea, black gram, green gram, groundnut, soybean, onion etc., were demonstrated. An amount of Rs.8000/- was allocated per hectare of demonstration. Out of this, Rs.7000/- was used for essential inputs for demonstration and the remaining Rs.1000/- was earmarked as contingencies for field day, publicity material, POL, visit of Scientists etc., The critical inputs for FLD included the cost of seed (non-Bt), bio-fertilizer, micronutrients, bio-pesticides, seeds of intercrops, pheromone traps/light traps etc., During the year 2020-21, a total of 128 hectares demonstrations were conducted under this component.  

FLD Farmers’ Profile

During the year 2020-21, Front Line Demonstrations were conducted ten states by 19 centers of ICAR – AICRP on cotton. These demonstrations were conducted on ICM in cotton, Desi / ELS cotton and seed production of ELS cotton and intercropping in cotton. In accordance with the decision of Government of India (GOI) regarding implementation of Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Caste and Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes and Gender Budgeting, the beneficiaries were selected for the year’s front line demonstration programme. The details of farmers benefited out of the SCP, TSP and gender budgeting are given below.

Details of farmers benefited out of SCP, TSP and Gender budgeting of Cotton FLDs conducted by ICAR – AICRP on Cotton during 2020 – 21

S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on ICM
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
1	PAU, Faridkot	6	13	52	3	74
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	3	13	59	–	75
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	5	70	–	–	75
4	ICAR-CICR, Sirsa	3	2	7	1	13
5	NAU, Surat	44	–	–	6	50
6	JAU, Junagadh	–	17	73	5	95
7	PDKV, Akola	6	11	–	3	20
8	MAU, Nanded	18	33	41	8	100
9	MPKV, Rahuri	11	10	54	–	75
10	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	37	19	–	4	60
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	13	7	–	–	20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	17	15	25	3	60
13	RARS, Nandhyal	7	14	8	1	30
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	38	23	–	1	62
15	UAS, Dharwad	7	9	9	5	30
16	UAS, Raichur	9	20		1	30
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	–	75	–	–	75
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	3	–	20	7	30
19	ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore**	–	–	–	–	–
	Total	227	351	348	48	974

(** under summer irrigated condition)

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S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on Desi / ELS cotton
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
1	PAU, Faridkot	4	10	7	–	21
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	4	17	54	–	75
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	22	53	–	–	75
4	ICAR-CICR, Sirsa	1	–	3	1	5
5	NAU, Surat	1	24	–	–	25
6	JAU, Junagadh	–	–	–	–	–
7	PDKV, Akola	9	23	–	8	40
8	MAU, Nanded	5	8	20	3	36
9	MPKV, Rahuri	–	–	–	–	–
10	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	7	39	4	–	50
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	–	–	–	–	–
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	–	–	–	–	–
13	RARS, Nandhyal	–	–	–	–	–
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	11	10	–	4	25
15	UAS, Dharwad		18	2		20
16	UAS, Raichur	5	10			15
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	–	–	50	–	50
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	–	11	–	3	14
19	ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore**	–	–	–	–	–
	Total	69	223	140	19	451

(** under summer irrigated condition)

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S. No	Name of the centre	FLDs on Intercropping
		SC/ ST	OBC	Gen	W	TOT
1	PAU, Faridkot	–	–	–	–	–
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	–	–	–	–	–
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	–	–	–	–	–
4	ICAR-CICR, Sirsa	–	–	–	–	–
5	NAU, Surat	–	–		–	–
6	JAU, Junagadh	–	–	20	–	20
7	PDKV, Akola	–	–	–	–	–
8	MAU, Nanded	9	13	23	5	50
9	MPKV, Rahuri	10	3	12	–	25
10	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	21	18	5	–	44
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	–	20	–	–	20
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	–	–	–	–	–
13	RARS, Nandhyal	–	–	–	–	–
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	–	–	–	–	–
15	UAS, Dharwad	3	12	3	2	20
16	UAS, Raichur
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	–	–	–	–	–
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	7	10	–	3	20
19	ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore**	–	–	–	–	–
	Total	50	76	63	10	199

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Altogether, 1624 farmers participated in demonstrations conducted in an area of 913hectares. In the demonstrations on ICM on cotton 974 farmers were directly benefited as demonstrators in an area of 514 hectares, whereas in demonstrations on Desi/ELS cotton 451 farmers were benefited as demonstrators in an area of 271 hectares and 199 farmers were benefited by demonstrations on intercropping in cotton in an area of 128 hectares. A total of 346 SC/ST farmers, 650 OBC farmers and 77 farmwomen were benefited out of this program during the year 2020-21.

Technologies Demonstrated under FLD

The various technologies demonstrated were high yielding varieties and hybrids suitable for various agro-climatic conditions, Integrated Nutrient Management, Integrated Pest Management, use of Bio¬fertilizers, Bio-pesticides, water management practices, improved agronomic practices and intercropping.

Details on the Technologies Demonstrated by the centers of ICAR – AICRP on Cotton

PAU, Faridkot

• ICM (29.6 ha): F2228, F1378, Anmol, RCH773, RCH776, CH653,
• SP7172, Simsim – Improved cultivars, optimum time of sowing , ideal plant population, weed management & balanced nutrition
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (10.4 ha) : Popularization of Desi cotton varieties LD 949, LD 694 and FDK 124
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Fazilka, Bathinda , Faridkot, Mukatsar (67 villages)

CCSHAU, Hisar

• ICM (30 ha): Yield maximization of Bt cotton hybrids with improved technology i.e. INM, IPM, Soil and water management and Improved Agronomic practices
• Desi / ELS cotton/ ha Seed production (30): Popularization of high yielding and non-shedding Desi cotton varieties, minimization of the infestation of whitefly, insecticidal sprays and inoculums of CLCuD and popularization of suitable varieties for cotton- wheat cropping system.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Fatehabad, Hisar, Sirsa Jind, Bhiwani, and Palwal

SKRAU, Sriganganagar

• ICM (30 ha) : Integrated Crop Management technologies RCH 773 BG II, RCH 776 BG II, Sim-Sim BG II, Bayer 7272
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (30 ha): Crop management practices for G. arboretum varieties RG 8 and KR 64 especially management of Insects and diseases.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Hanumangarh and Sriganganagar

ICAR-CICR, Sirsa

• ICM (5 ha) : ICM on CSH-3129 (67.5 x 30 cm normal spacing) and ICM on CSH 3075 (67.5 x 10 cm HDPS) Integrated Crop Management (ICM) on CICR Bt-6 (67.5 x 30 cm normal spacing) in 4 ha of farmers’ field area, CSH-3075 (67.5 x 10 cm HDPS) in 0.8 ha of farmers’ field area and CSH- 3129 (67.5 x 30 cm normal spacing) in 0.4 ha of farmers’ field area
• Desi / ELS cotton/ ha Seed production (0.4 ha) : Seed production of Hybrid Desi cotton (CICR-2) in 0.4 ha of farmers’ field area
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Sirsa (10 villages)

NAU, Surat

• ICM (20 ha): ICM in approved Bt cotton hybrids (G. Cot. Hy. 10 (BG II) and G. Cot. Hy. 8 (BG II)) comprising promotion of nutrient management through bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB, KMB) & foliar supplement through organic novel banana pseudo stem sap, PBW monitoring through pheromone trap and insect management through safer sucking pest viz; Azadirachti (1500ppm), Flonicamid and Cypermethrin-5% + Chloropyriphos – 50% EC.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): Seed production of desi cotton varieties viz; GN. Cot. 25 (G. herbaceum) allotted in rainfed saline pockets of Amod Taluka of Bharuch district with nutrient management through bio fertilizers (Azotobacter, KMB and PSB), novel organic liquid fertilizer (Banana pseudo stem sap), PBW monitoring through pheromone trap and bollworm management through safer insecticides viz., Buprofezin 25 SC and Quinalphos 25 EC.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Bharuch and Narmada

JAU, Junagadh

• ICM (40 ha): IPM / IDM / INM / Canopy management / High-density planting. In IPM technology, bio agent, pheromone trap, and pesticides were used. In INM technology, chemical fertilizer, bio fertilizer (PSB, KSB and Azotobacter) was used. Canopy management, detoping and High Density Planting (90x30cm) were used.
• Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha): Intercrops Til, Groundnut and Blackgram with cotton (1:1)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Junagadh, Rajkot and Amreli

PDKV, Akola

• ICM (20 ha): Cotton Improved Variety AKH-09-5 + Foliar Spray & Moisture Conservation Practices
• Desi / ELS cotton/ ha Seed production (40 ha) : PDKV-JKAL-116 Bt BG-II Hybrid with complete Package of Practices of Dr.PDKV, Akola
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Akola, Buldhana and Amravati

MAU, Nanded

• ICM (40 ha): NHH 44 (BG II) Integrated Pest Management, Optimum population (18,518 plants /ha), recommended dose of fertilizer (120:60:60 NPK kg/ha) and IPM (Pink Boll Worm in particular) as against farmers’ practice of Lower plant population (9260 to 11,111 plants/ha), Excess use of N, low use of K2O, use of insecticides only for management of PBW.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (14.4 ha): Newly released variety PA 812 as against Old varieties (PA 402 and PA 255), local varieties and hybrids
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha) : Cotton + green gram (1:1 or 1:2) as against sole cotton
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Parbhani, Hingoli, Beed, Jalna , Aurangabad and Nanded district

MPKV, Rahuri :

• ICM (30 ha) : Optimum plant population (12345 plant ha-1), Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (125:65:65 NPK kg ha-1) and Foliar spray of MPKVs liquid Phule Micro Grade II (Micronutrient) in Rahuri released varieties / hybrids Phule Shwetambari, Phule Suman, Phule Chetana, Phule Mahi and other ruling Bt cotton hybrids.
• Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha): Optimum plant population of cotton (12345 plant ha-1), Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (125:65:65 NPK kg ha- 1), Foliar spray of MPKVs liquid Phule Micro Grade II (Micronutrient) and Intercrop – As per farmers’ choice (Mung, Soybean, Maize,
• Watermelon, Pigenpea)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Ahmednagar and Buldana

ICAR- CICR, Nagpur

• ICM (24 ha): ICM on ICAR-CICR Rajat Bt, ICAR-CICR PKV081Bt – ICM in approved Bt cotton hybrids, Balanced nutrition (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha), Split application of N & K i.e, 25% as basal and 25% each at 30, 60, 90 Days after sowing (DAS), Foliar spray of 2% DAP, or 1% MgSO4 or 2% Urea, 0.5 % ZnSO4 and 0.2 % Boron in 15 days interval at crop 90 DAS, DAP(200gm/10 liter of water), Need based PP measures for sucking pests (IPM practices) and Pink bollworm management strategy.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): ICAR-CICR-CNA 1028 & ICAR-CICR-CNA1032
• Intercropping in Cotton (18 ha): ICAR-CICR Rajat Bt, ICAR-CICR GJHV374 Bt, ICAR-CICR PKV 081 Greengram (Utkarsha), Blackgram (TAU 1), Soyabean(MAUS158) and Tur (PKV TARA)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Yavatmal, Wardha and Nagpur

RVSKVV, Khandwa

• ICM (10 ha) : Integrated Crop Management techniques with special reference to INM in popular Bt cotton hybrids INM Rasi 659 BG II, Rasi Neo, Ajeet 155and Rasi Megna
• Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha) : Intercropping cotton with Arhar
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Mandla, Injaiwada, Pipalkota Pokharpeer, Bhuiphal and Haraswada

ANGRAU, Guntur

ICM (60 ha) : Best management practices are

• Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5 g / kg followed by, treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g / kg. The recommended 150:60:60 NPK kg/ha. N and K given in 3-4 splits at 20 days interval starting from 20 DAS (as the soils are low in available nitrogen status, suggested to apply 25% excess nitrogen to the crop). Foliar sprays of 19:19: 19 and Speedfol (mixture of both macro and micro nutrients) to supplement micro nutrients and plant hormones. Neem oil, yellow (10 Nos/acre) and blue sticky traps for sucking pest control. Erection of pheromone traps @ 4/acre for monitoring pink boll worm. For control of pink boll worm spraying of persistent insecticides like thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1.5 g/l or profenophos @ 2 ml/l or quinalphos 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/l or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 ml/l at 15 days interval. At the crop final stage, spray synthetic pyrethriods such as cypermethrin 10 EC @ 1.25 ml/l or lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 1.0 ml/l. Usage of Planofix to reduce boll drop. Tank mixure (Quizalofop ethyl 50 g a.i/ha+ PyrithiobacSodium@62.5ga.i/ha) at 2-4weedleafstage
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Lam, Jonnalagadda, Tatireddypalem, Yanamadala, Tadikonda,Damarapalli and Bejathpuram villages of Guntur district

RARS, Nandhyal

• ICM (30 ha) : Foliar sprays of 19:19: 19 and Speedfol (mixture of both macro and micro nutrients) to supplement micro nutrients and plant hormones, Neem oil, yellow and blue sticky traps for sucking pest control, Thiodicarb, Profenophos, Lamdacyhalothrin and Pheromone traps against pink boll, warm control, Maize grown as barrier crop in the border to prevents the spread of the sucking pest, Usage of Planofix to reduce boll drop, Pendimethalin@5g/lit as pre emergence herbicide and Tank mixure (Quizalofop ethyl 50 g a.i/ha+ Pyrithiobac Sodium @62.5 g a.i / ha at 2-4 weed leaf stage.
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Kurnool

PJTSAU, Adilabad

• ICM (25 ha) : Best management practices on Cotton BG-II Hybrid (RCH-659) with Seed treatment, pheromone traps, yellow sticky traps, foliar nutrition, Flonicamid and need based pesticides
• Intercropping in Cotton (10 ha) : Cotton inter cropping with redgram (6:1, 8:1)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Adilabad/Gudihathnoor/Seethagondi Village and Adilabad/ Vyzapur Village

UAS, Dharwad

• ICM (30 ha): Potential ruling Bt cotton Hybrids viz., Lotus, Super cot, MRC 7383, Vega, DCH-32 Bt, Bindaas, Jingi, Diamond, Jalwa, ATM, Yuva, Kuber, Dynamo, Firstclass, Yuva, Miracle, Ajeet-155, Balanced nutrition (100:50:50 NPK kg/ha), Split application of N & K i.e, 25% as basal and 25% each at 30, 60, 90 DAS, foliar nutrition (1% All 19 + 1% MgSO4) after 70, 90 &110 DAS and need based IPM practices.
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): DCH-32 BG-II Bt v/s DCH- 32 Non Bt, Non Bt DHB -1071 v/s DCH-32 Non Bt and Non Bt Hirsutum variety ARBH-813 v/s Sahana
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha): Bt cotton + Beans (1:1), Bt cotton + Green gram(1:1), Bt cotton + Groundnut (1:1)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Dharwad, Belagavi and Gadag

UAS, Raichur

• ICM (30 ha) : Sucking pest management, Leaf reddening management, PBW management in Jaadoo, Ach-155, Siribhagya-55, RCH-639, Laxmi Gold, Bhakti, Superb and Intercropping with Peas, Green gram, Groundnut
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (15 ha): Boll worm management, PBW management and Leaf reddening management in BGDS-1063
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Raichur, Yadgir and Ballari

UAS, Chamrajnagar

• ICM (30 ha): Integrated Crop management practices for major cotton cultivars Minerva, Bahubali, Puli, Mahadeva and Rasi, Proper spacing management of leaf reddening and flower drop, Management of sucking pest and Boll worms and Foliar nutrient application
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20ha): Best Management practices for ELS cotton hybrids
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Chamrajnagar

TNAU, Coimbatore

• ICM (20 ha): INM, IWM, IPM and IDM on CO 17
• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (20 ha): INM, IWM, IPM and IDM ELS cotton variety MCU 5 and Desi cotton variety K 12.
• Intercropping in Cotton (20 ha) : Cotton – SVPR 6 and SVPR 4 intercropped with Black gram (Vamban8)
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Madurai, Virudunagar, Tenkasi and Tuticorin

ICAR-CICR, Coimbatore

• Desi / ELS cotton/ Seed production (40 ha) : Best management practices for ElS Bt cotton hybrids and Cotton variety Surabhi will be conducted under summer irrigated condition
• Districts / Taluks / Villages Covered: Coimbatore and Salem

Yield Details of the FLDs Demonstrated

In all the centers, the FLDs could obtain more yield than the farmers’ practices of their respective areas.

Centre wise Average yield – FLDs Cotton in Comparison to Farmer’s practices

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S. No	State / Name of the Centre	ICM Average Yield (kg/ha)		Desi / ELS Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)		Intercropping in Cotton Average Yield (kg/ha)
		FLD Practice	Farmer’s Practice	FLD Practice	Farmer’s Practice	FLD Cotton	FLD Intercrop	Farmer’s Practice
1	PAU, Faridkot	2300	1970	2080	1774	–	–	–
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	2463	2191	1721	1537	–	–	–
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	2351	2093	2560	2390	–	–	–
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	2,087	1,727	687.5	–	–	–	–
5	NAU, Surat	1363	1159	882	787	–	–	–
6	JAU, Junagadh	2199	2079	–	–	1856	453	1711
7	PDKV, Akola	1481	1516	1919	1654	–	–	–
8	MAU, Nanded	1634	1453	1665	1474	1558	538	1720
9	MPKV, Rahuri	2228	2073	–	–	2307	Cabbage – 7500 Watermelon -16000 Maize-12345 Mung dal – 880 Soybean – 1180	2197
10	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	1495	1372	1440	1310	1377	418	1422
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	1656	1468	–	–	1418	–	1270
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	1226	1107	–	–	–	–	–
13	RARS, Nandhyal	840	720	–	–	–	–	–
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	1871	1572	–	–	1929	–	1639
15	UAS, Dharwad	1604	1264	1416	1271	1501	505	1543
16	UAS, Raichur	2999	2710	2473	2265	–	–	–
17	UAS Chamrajnagar	1547	1368	1481	1324	–	–	–
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	2430	1560	2100 (ELS)	1560	1703	144	1510
19	CICR, Coimbatore**	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

** Under summer irrigated condition – yet to get yield data

Extension Activities

The centers had conducted various extension activities to popularize the cotton production technologies among the cotton growers (Table 7). A total of 176 visits by the Scientists, 101 farmers’ meetings, 15 field days and 50 awareness programs were conducted by the centres during the year 2020-21. In addition, some centres disseminated the cotton technological information through radio talks, TV talks, newspaper clippings and voice SMS.

Details of Extension Activities during 2020 – 21

S. No	Name of the Centre	Extension Programme
		Scientist’s Visit	Farmers Meeting	Field Days	Awareness Program / Kisan Mela	News Paper / Radio / Video Coverage
1	PAU, Faridkot	14	–	–	2	13
2	CCSHAU, Hisar	12	12	2	3	6
3	SKRAU, Sriganganagar	3	4	–	2	1
4	ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	9	5	1	3	–
5	NAU, Surat	6	–	–	–	–
6	JAU, Junagadh	12	12	0	1	2
7	PDKV, Akola	8	6	2	4	4
8	MAU, Nanded	24	11	1	7	2
9	MPKV, Rahuri	4	–	–	–	–
10	ICAR – CICR, Nagpur	3	4	2	3	–
11	RVSKVV, Khandwa	1	1	–	1	–
12	ANGRAU, Guntur	4	2	1	–	–
13	RARS, Nandhyal	4	3	1	–	–
14	PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	18	8	2	1	10
15	UAS, Dharwad	15	10	1	15	–
16	UAS, Raichur	6	6	1	1	1
17	UAS, Chamrajnagar	2	–	1	1	2
18	TNAU, Coimbatore	31	17	–	6	–
	TOTAL	176	101	15	50	41

During the year, to analyze the impact of FLDs on ICM, ELS /Desi / Seed production and intercropping, data were collected on parameters viz., cost of cultivation, gross income, net profit, additional profit due to FLD and Benefit Cost ratio for both FLD and farmers’ practice per hectare.

Impact of FLD on ICM in terms of B: C ratio during 2020 – 21

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	40190	42500	124403	106025	84213	63525	20689	2.10	1.49
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	60790	65200	115073	95240	54283	30040	19833	0.89	0.46
NAU, Surat	41588	37850	74938	63726	33350	25876	7474	0.80	–
JAU, Junagadh	21334	22442	55552	56325	67349	59862	7486	1.79	1.53
PDKV, Akola	26927	31854	81663	83621	54736	51767		3.04	2.63
MAU, Nanded	66427	64805	89315	79386	22888	14580	8307	1.34
MPKV, Rahuri	68559	67372	111611	103846	43053	36474	6579	1.60	–
RVSKVV, Khandwa	40200	41000	91080	80767	50880	39767	11112	2.26	1.96
ANGRAU,Guntur	51980	52592	64986	58651	13006	6058	6947	1.25	1.11
RARS, Nandhyal	34109	33153	41166	34961	7057	1807	5249	1.20	1.05
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	56843	56468	108071	90872	51228	34404	16824	1.90	1.61
UAS, Dharwad	26928	29898	–	–	62836	53205	9631	2.32	–
UAS, Raichur	62950	65900	161928	146340	98978	60740	38238	2.57	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	41915	39337	85085	75240	43170	35903	9845	2.03	1.91

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Impact of FLD on Desi / ELS / Seed production in cotton in terms of B:C ratio during 2020 – 21

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
PAU, Faridkot	38500	40000	114379	97575	75879	57575	18304	1.97	1.44
ICAR – CICR, Sirsa	266408	–	667750	–	401342	–	–		–
NAU, Surat	39674	32210	61717	39333	22043	7123	14920	0.60	–
PDKV, Akola	39420	38141	105849	91232	66430	53091	13339	2.68	2.39
MAU, Nanded	51220	50261	90493	80077	39273	29816	9457	1.78
UAS, Dharwad	21187	20965	–	–	5706	5177	534	1.10	–
UAS, Raichur	62393	64567	133524	122292	71131	57725	11232	2.14	–
UAS, Chamrajnagar	42184	39930	81455	72820	39271	32890	8635	1.93	1.82

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Impact of FLD on Intercropping in terms of B: C ratio during 2020 – 21

Centre	Cost of Cultivation (Rs/ha)		Gross Income (Rs/ha)		Net Profit (Rs/ha)		Additional Profit due to FLD (Rs/ha)	Benefit cost ratio
	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FP	FLD	FLD	FP
JAU, Junagadh	22142	20257	60390	54741	57425	39326	18098	1.77	1.32
MAU, Nanded	72578	60504	111141	93697	38563	33193	5369	1.53	–
MPKV, Rahuri	88347	72749	159779	112065	71432	38761		1.7	–
RVSKVV, Khandwa	39000	41760	77880	69877.5	38880	28117.5	10762	1.99	1.66
PJTSAU, ARS, Adilabad	57680	58634	111329	94812	53649	36179	17470	1.93	1.62
UAS, Dharwad	32310	28500			23893	11485	12408	1.8	–
TNAU, Coimbatore	59000	56000	100890	81540	41890	25540	16350	1.71	1.46

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